金融英語閱讀《衍生工具》

A derivative is a financial instrument whose value depends on the price of an underlying instrument, such as currencies, commodities or securities. Common examples of derivatives include swaps, options, futures and FRAs. These particular types of derivatives are called over-the-counter （OTC） derivatives and futures in particular are traded on an exchange. In terms of options, the most common are called put （sell） and call （buy） options. Swaps on the other hand, come in many different forms. The most common forms include interest-rate swaps, currency swaps and credit swaps.

衍生工具就是一種金融工具，其價值取決於基礎工具的價格，比如貨幣、商品或有價證券。衍生工具的常見例子包括互換（掉期）、選擇權（期權）、期貨和遠期。這些特殊類型的衍生工具被稱爲非上市證券市場（OTC）衍生工具，尤其是期貨，是在外匯基礎上交易的。關於選擇權，最常見的'稱爲拋出（出售）和買進（購買）選擇權。另一方面，互換是以多種形式出現的。最常見的形式包括利率互換、通貨互換和信用互換。