英語從句類型總結

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　　英語從句類型總結

一．主語從句

主語從句是在複合句中充當主語的從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。

1. It 作形式主語和it引導強調句的比較

It 作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是爲了平衡句子結構，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導的強調句則是對句子某一部分進行強調，無論強調的是什麼成分，都可用連詞that。被強調部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：

It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.

It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.

It is in the morning that the murder took place.

It is John that broke the window.

2. 用it 作形式主語的結構

(1) It is ＋名詞＋從句

It is a fact that … 事實是…

It is an honor that …非常榮幸

It is common knowledge that …是常識

(2) it is ＋形容詞＋從句

It is natural that… 很自然…

It is strange that… 奇怪的是…

(3) it is ＋不及物動詞＋從句

It seems that… 似乎…

It happened that… 碰巧…

(4) it ＋過去分詞＋從句

It is reported that… 據報道…

It has been proved that… 已證實…

3. 主語從句不可位於句首的五種情況

(1) if 引導的主語從句不可居於複合句句首。

(2) It is said , (reported) …結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如：

It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right)

That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong)

(3) It happens…, It occurs… 結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如：

It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right)

That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong)

(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如：

It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. (right)

Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. (wrong)

(5) 含主語從句的複合句是疑問句時，主語從句不可提前。例如：

Is it likely that it will rain in the evening(right)

Is that will rain in the evening likely(wrong)

4. What 與that 在引導主語從句時的區別

What 引導主語從句時在句時在從句中充當句子成分，如主語．賓語．表語，而that 則不然。例如：

1) What you said yesterday is right.

2) That she is still alive is a consolation.

二．賓語從句

賓語從句就是在複合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞（及物動詞）或介詞之後。

1. 作動詞的賓語

(1) 由that引導的賓語從句（that 通常可以省略）,例如：

I heard that be joined the army.

(2) 由what, whether (if) 引導的賓語從句，例如：

1) She did not know what had happened.

2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.

(3) 動詞＋間接賓語＋賓語從句。例如：

She told me that she would accept my invitation.

2. 作介詞的賓語

例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.

3. 作形容詞的賓語

例如：I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.

That 引導的從句常跟在下列形容詞後作賓語：

Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以將此類詞後的that 從句的看作原因狀語從句。

4. It 可以作爲形式賓語

It 不僅可以作爲形式主語，還可以作爲形式賓語而真正的賓語that 從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶複合賓語的句子中。 例如：

We heard it that she would get married next month..

5. 後邊不能直接跟that 從句的動詞

這類動詞有Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。這類詞後可以用不定式或動名詞作賓語，但不可以用that引導的賓語從句。例如：

I admire their winning the match. (right)

I admire that they won the match. (wrong)

6. 不可用that從句作直接賓語的動詞

有些動詞不可用於“動詞＋間接賓語＋that從句“結構中，常見的有Envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如：

He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right)

He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong)

7. 否定的轉移

若主句謂語動詞爲Think, consider, wuppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其後的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。例如：

I don’t think this dress fits you well.（我認爲這件衣服不適合你穿。）

三．表語從句

表語從句在複合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動詞之後，一般結構是“主語＋連繫動詞＋表語從句”。可以接表語從句的連繫動詞有be, look, remain, seem等。引導表語從句的that常可省略。另外，常用的還有the reason is that… 和It is because 等結構。例如：

1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.

2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people

3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.

4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.

四．同位語從句

同位語從句就是在複合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。

1. 同位語從句的'功能

同位語從句對於名詞進一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內容，一般由that引導，例如：

1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.

2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.

2. 同位語在句子中的位置

同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞後面，而是被別的詞隔開。例如：

He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.

3. 同位語從句與定語從句的區別

(1) 定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時以在從句中作某個成分（主語或賓語），而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當句中任何成分。

(2) 定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定，描述定的性質或特徵；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對名詞進行補充說明。例如：

1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。）（第一個that引導的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語）

2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。）（同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分）