會考英語語法主謂一致考點分析

語法概說

主謂一致命題趨勢與預測

根據對主謂一致部分全國各地試題的分析可知，今後該部分將是重點考查點之一。其考查重點爲：

1、主謂一致的語法一致原則

2、主謂一致的整體一致原則

3、主謂一致的就近一致原則

4、主謂一致的意義一致原則

5、主謂一致的附加原則

考點詮釋

一、由or, either... or... , neither... nor... , not also... , ...等連接並列主語時,常採用就近原則,動詞與最靠近的主語保持一致。

考例Not only Jim but also his sister ______a few cities in the south since they came to China．[臨沂市]

A．will visit B. has visited C．have visited D ．visited

[答案]B ．[解析]本題既考查時態，又考查並列連詞not only．．．but also的用法。由時間狀語since they came to China，可判斷用現在完成時，排除A、D兩項；not only．．．but also連接兩個並列的主語時，謂語動詞要用"就近原則。

Neither Jim nor his cousins _______to America, but _____of them know the country very well. [07年濰坊市]

A．have been；a11 B. have been; both C has been; all D．has been; both

[答案]B．[解析]考查neither．．．nor的用法，以及both與all的區別。neither…nor連接兩個主語時，謂語用"就近原則"，cousins是複數，謂語用have been，排除C和D項；指兩者用both。

二、 the number of + 複數名詞,主語是the number(數量),謂語動詞用單數;a number of +複數名詞,主語是複數名詞,a number of作定語, 相當於many,謂語動詞用複數。

考例Look! There _______ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. (2004包頭)

A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers

C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers

答案：A。該題考查的是主謂一致。這個句子的主語是a number of deer, 是個複數概念，因此謂語動詞應用複數形式。（deer單複數相同）

The number of ________ in our class ________ fifty. (2004山東煙臺)

A. student, isB. the students, are C. the students, isD. students, are

[答案]: C

[命題立意]：本題考查主謂一致的用法。

[試題解析]：the number of 後接複數名詞，作主語時，其謂語動詞用單數形式。故應選C。

三、動詞不定式、動名詞以及名詞性從句作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數形式。

考例As the saying ________,"Where there is a will; there is a way. "[昆明市]

A. go B. goes C. going D. went

[答案]B．[解析] the saying爲第三人稱單數形式，所以謂語動詞用goes。

但what從句作主語而表語是複數時,謂語動詞常用複數。

What we badly need here are experienced teachers. 我們這裏急需的是有經驗的`教師。

四、and連接的兩個單數名詞作主語。

考例Trees and flowers ________every year to make our country more beautiful. [陝西省]

A. is planted B. was planted C. are planted D. were planted

[答案]C．[解析] every year說明本句表示的是一般現在時的概念，去掉B、D項；trees and flowers表達複數意義，所以選C項。

五、表示時間、距離、金錢、體積或數字等的詞語作主語且表示總量時，謂語動詞用單數。

考例

---How much ________the shoes?

---Five dollars_________ enough． [年青島市]

A．is；is B are；is C．are；are D．is；are

[答案]B ．[解析] 答案爲B。shoes作主語時，謂語動詞應用複數形式；five dollars是一個整體，應按單數對待。

How time flies! Ten years ________ passed. (2004天津)

A. have B. has C. is D. are

答案：B。該題考查的是主謂一致。Ten years通常被看作是一個時間整體，謂語動詞用單數形式。

六、就近原則

--There__________ no milk in the fridge. Could you get some for me, Dick?

--All right, Mum. [福州市]

A. is B. are C. was D. were

[答案]A．[解析]本題考查"there be"句型中be的數及時態，be在數上要與最近的主語保持一致.句子的主語是不可數名詞，所以be應使用單數形式，B、D兩項可以排除。

Not only Jim but also his sister ______a few cities in the south since they came to China．[07臨沂市]

A．will visit B. has visited C．have visited D ．visited

[答案]B ．[解析]本題既考查時態，又考查並列連詞not only．．．but also的用法。由時間狀語since they came to China，可判斷用現在完成時，排除A、D兩項；not only．．．but also連接兩個並列的主語時，謂語動詞要用"就近原則。

Neither Jim nor his cousins _______to America, but _____of them know the country very well. [07年濰坊市]

A．have been；a11 B. have been; both C has been; all D．has been; both

[答案]B．[解析]考查neither．．．nor的用法，以及both與all的區別。neither…nor連接兩個主語時，謂語用"就近原則"，cousins是複數，謂語用have been，排除C和D項；指兩者用both。

《透析